学书法的步骤和方法？

一、首先要把练习书法的用品备齐，毛笔字要准备毛毡、毛笔、墨水、宣纸、砚台、镇纸、字帖等，钢笔字要准备钢笔、墨水和字帖等，其中笔、墨水和字帖一定要选好的。

二、然后要掌握正确的握笔姿势和写字姿势，要做到头正、身直、臂开、足安。

三、最后就是练字，练习书法的方法可以用“读、摹、临、背、意、用”这六个字简单概括。

1、“读”即读帖，读字的用笔方法、结字的方法、神采和通篇的章法等，要抓住帖子的特征及字的形象特点，在脑海中形成一定的印象，练习的时候才能更加胸有成竹。

2、“摹”即摹帖，就是用透明的白纸蒙在字帖上照着描写。

3、“临”即临帖，就是把帖子放在一边，一边看一边照着帖子的写法进行练习。

4、“背”就是背临，要开始试着不看字帖，也能够写出字帖上一样漂亮的字来。

5、“意”即意临，在能够背临的时候，融入自己的思想、理解，形成自己的书法风格。

6、“用”即在经过学习后，要在日常的生活、学习、工作中进行应用。

如何学写毛笔字 ？

毛笔字是指按传统法度书写的字，而不是用毛笔随意写出的字。书法是线条造型艺术。所谓毛笔笔法讲的就是怎样创造理想线条的用笔方法。

毛笔字入门教程

执笔

“把笔无定法，要使虚而宽。”五指执笔法：即以拇指和食指的指肚捏住笔杆(适当高度)，保证笔杆不脱落；中指在食指下面搭在笔的外侧，既加强食指捏笔的力量，又发挥把笔往里钩的作用；无名指的甲肉之际抵在笔杆内侧，起着把笔往外推的作用；小指附在无名指的指肚下部，辅助无名指把笔往外推。

1、将手掌摊开后大拇指向上，然后让无名指和小指轻轻的向内弯曲，手指弯曲时要让手掌保持平稳。

2、将毛笔放在中指和无名指之间，然后中指和食指自然贴合毛笔，握笔的高度要距离笔根3-4cm。

3、将大拇指放在中指和食指之间，大拇指方向朝上方放置，小指要紧挨无名指，握笔时手心要留余地，初学者最开始握毛笔可能会有所不舒服，稍加练习就会适应了。

握笔时要如古人所说：“令掌虚如握卵”，这样便于运笔。学书要经常练习握笔、钩回、推出和旋转笔杆(加上腕的作用)练习画直线和弧线。执笔的高低和是否悬腕、悬肘，由所书字的大小来决定，小字低执，枕腕；大字高执，悬腕；再大则需悬肘。

磨墨

1、以清水逐渐加入

研墨需加清水，若水中混有杂质，则磨出来的墨就不纯了。至于加水，最先不宜过多，以免将墨浸软，或墨汁四溅，以逐渐加入为宜。

2、力匀而急缓适中

磨墨时用力过轻过重，太急太缓，墨汁皆必粗而不匀。用力过轻，速度太缓，浪费时间且墨浮;用力过重，速度过急，则墨粗而生沬，色亦无光。正确的方法应该是「指按推用力」，轻重有节，切莫太急。

3、随磨随用

用墨必需新磨，因墨汁若放置一日以上，胶与煤逐渐脱离，墨光既乏光彩，又不能持久，故以宿墨作书，极易褪色。而市面上所售的现成墨汁，有些胶重滞笔，有些则浓度太低，落纸极易化开，防腐剂又多，易损笔锋，不宜采用。

纸张

练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹，可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等，最好是用宣纸。

用宣纸题字作画，墨韵清晰，层次分明，骨气兼蓄，气势溢秀，浓而不浑，淡而不灰，其字其画，跃然纸上，神采飞扬，飞目生辉。

宣纸分为生宣、半熟宣、熟宣。生宣吸水性和沁水性都强，易产生丰富的墨韵变化，以之行泼墨法、积墨法，能收水晕墨、达到水走墨流之艺术效果。写意山水多用它。熟宣是加工时用明矾等涂过，故纸质较生宣为硬，吸水能力弱，使得使用时墨和色不会洇散开来。因此特性，使得熟宣宜于绘工笔画而非水墨写意画。半熟宣也是从生宣加工而成，吸水能力界乎前两者之间，适合写小楷。

笔法

毛笔书法是线条造型艺术。所谓笔法主要的就是怎样创造理想线条(点画)的用笔方法。中国书法主要都以线条表现，要使书法的线条点画富有变化，必先讲究执笔，在运笔时掌握轻重、快慢、偏正、曲直等方法，称为“笔法”。

提按

笔按下去写，笔划就粗，提起来就细。就像人走路的两只脚，一只落下，一只提起，不停地交替一样，笔在写字的过程中也在不停地提按。惟其如此，才能产生出粗细绝不相同的线条来。

笔画

每写一个笔画，都有入笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。入笔有“露锋”法，顺笔而入，使笔画开端呈尖形或方形；有“藏锋法”，逆锋入笔，横画欲右先左，竖画欲下先上，使笔锋藏在笔画中，笔画开端基本呈圆形。

行笔要学会“中锋用笔”，使锋尖常在点划中间运行。为使笔画有力度，还要学会涩势用笔，行中留，留中行，避免浮华。收笔有“露锋”（把笔逐渐提出纸面，画呈尖形，如悬针竖、撇、捺、钩），有“藏锋”（将笔尖收回画中，如垂露竖，笔画尾端呈圆形）。

结字

结字又叫结体或间架结构。启功先生曾指出，写毛笔字一要把握间架结构，二要练好笔画特点。间架结构比点画特点重要。间架好的字，笔画特点不突出，也还顺眼；反过来就不行了。因此，认真研究并把握好字的结体规律十分重要。所谓“初学分布，但求平正”。

入手

学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖，全凭自己想法随意写，是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力，要持之以恒，戒骄戒躁，不能一曝十寒。常说：“只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针”。

毛笔楷书入门教程

常言道，“学书先学楷，功到自然成”。通过楷书入门扎实基础，才能在学习行书时走起来，学习草书时跑起来而不飘忽。当然这是一个很漫长的过程，任何东西的学习都是由慢到快、由简到繁的过程。

孙过庭在《书谱》中说，“初学分布，当求平正，既只平正，务追险绝，既能险绝，复归平正。” 学习书法，就是学习书法中动静关系。可以说，选择楷书作为书法入，是实用和艺术并重的最佳选择。

毛笔的选择

写毛笔字也是一门艺术，毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔，这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的，毛尖不一样，手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的，选择合适的即可。

一支好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。

尖：笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。

齐：将笔头沾水捏扁，笔端的毛整齐无不齐现象。

圆：笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。

健：笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。

毛笔的种类很多，在初次学习时，希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔，笔芯硬，易于掌握，对你以后的学习很重要。

毛笔的种类

①硬毫笔：笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。

1、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。

2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。

3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。

其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。

②软毫笔：笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。

1、羊毫笔：羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。

2、鸡毫笔：鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。

3、胎毫笔：胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝萧子云就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。

③兼毫笔：笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。

“兼毫”，顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫，笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔，以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃，以加强其弹性。

在选择笔锋时，我们应该选择适当的长短，因为笔锋太长不易于掌握，但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水，适合写”草书“一气呵成”，笔锋长可以保证墨的够用，反之，笔锋短适合写楷书，易于掌握。

选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔，又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔，直接看他的字迹是最好的方法：风格健劲的，选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的，选用柔毫;刚柔难分的，则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法，如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。

还有一点是字体大小方面，写大字用大笔，写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如，大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。

楷体的选择

初学者可以选择欧体来进行练习，欧体可临摹书法名帖有《九成宫醴泉铭》、《化度寺碑》等各类贴，以及众多书法集字贴。供各位喜爱毛笔书法的朋友参考。

1、柳体。

柳体为唐楷中非常重要的一支，柳公权用其一生的心血，博采众长，广泛学习，吸取百家之长，形成别具一格的柳体字。结构紧凑，书法挺拔，正气凌然。对于初学者而言，选择从柳体入手，对运笔、审美、技法的提升，都非常明显。

2、颜体。

颜体与柳体同属于唐楷，为唐朝大书法家颜真卿书法真迹。颜体相比于柳体，显得饱满圆润，柳体则更加注重字体的骨感和力度。追求潇洒利索，可选择柳体；追求圆润丰满，则可选择颜体。

3、欧体。

欧阳询也是唐朝著名楷书大家，他所写书法字体，称为欧体。唐楷在中国书法文化史上的地位，几乎无可撼动。欧体体方圆兼施，以方为主，点画劲挺，笔力凝聚，也是楷书初学者不错的选择。

楷书基本笔画

一、点

头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。

写法：1、锋尖落纸（可先将笔舔尖，轻轻落笔）。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开，笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部，将笔锋稍提起，再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。

点的写法要求：顾盼生姿、向背分明。

二、横

头方（斜）尾圆，中段略细。

写法：1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直（或稍斜）落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋，沿着笔画中线向右运行，中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起，再向右下放下，像写点那样，兜围扭动一下，然后迅速有力地向左收锋。

注意：不能使劲顿笔，中段与两头也不能一样粗细，显得僵直。

三、竖

竖，起支柱作用，要求写得劲挺有力，像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。

垂露竖：写法：1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横（或稍斜）落笔，笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下，调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部，略提锋，从左向上收锋。

悬针竖：写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点：像一枚针，写得粗壮，出锋不宜太长太细。

四、撇

尾部略肥和上扬，姿态舒展。

写法：1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋，让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部，快而有力地出锋，使力送到撇尖。

短撇的写法：如“斤”“生”落笔后，稍作扭动，调整笔锋，快速撇出。

注意：忌“中途拔出”和“头重尾飘”，以女同志梳头的速度和力度书写撇较适宜。

汉字的笔画大多是向右向下的，右手写这些笔画都较顺手，唯独撇是向左伸展的，写起来较别扭。这是写字的重点。

五、捺

一波三折的姿态。一折：从头到颈部。二折：颈到捺脚。三折：捺脚到锋尖。一波：整笔有起有伏。像波浪。

写法：1、逆锋而起。2、轻轻向下落笔。3、略向左上起笔，至颈部，锋稍提使颈部略细。4、向右下渐渐将笔毫铺开，至捺脚处。5、轻向左推，调整笔锋，沉着痛快地扬出锋。

注意：1、捺画出线要直。2、捺脚要有力。3、笔不能向下拖。

捺和撇往往同时存在，连在一起练习为好，如“大”“来”。

六、钩

钩是其他笔画的附着物。

“竖左钩”做到平、锐、满。即竖要平，锋要锐，钩要饱满。

写好一竖将要钩出时，先将笔锋往上提，使笔毫收聚，放下，然后用力向左平推出来。

七、挑

像反向的短撇。

写法：1、逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、稍作扭动，调整笔锋。4、快而有力地向右上方挑出，送到笔画的尖端。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔字是指按传统法度书写的字，而不是用毛笔随意写出的字。书法是线条造型艺术。所谓毛笔笔法讲的就是怎样创造理想线条的用笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JUzO3AWAgv56aIawtVgJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔字入门教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn742QIVCSEbgG8n3mRErbBg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXWe7LkWsoEfDn7OMApvqGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“把笔无定法，要使虚而宽。”五指执笔法：即以拇指和食指的指肚捏住笔杆(适当高度)，保证笔杆不脱落；中指在食指下面搭在笔的外侧，既加强食指捏笔的力量，又发挥把笔往里钩的作用；无名指的甲肉之际抵在笔杆内侧，起着把笔往外推的作用；小指附在无名指的指肚下部，辅助无名指把笔往外推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakuNCQCVgBdROnRgpkahYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、将手掌摊开后大拇指向上，然后让无名指和小指轻轻的向内弯曲，手指弯曲时要让手掌保持平稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ybI9NrxGI6W7eIKmMQCJh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnUZXxxPzMOlb5HPqjcJXmpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将毛笔放在中指和无名指之间，然后中指和食指自然贴合毛笔，握笔的高度要距离笔根3-4cm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKtzfwu29KBun4gRV5mPpD"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnusm1ukRhLCPTkvGqaF0ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、将大拇指放在中指和食指之间，大拇指方向朝上方放置，小指要紧挨无名指，握笔时手心要留余地，初学者最开始握毛笔可能会有所不舒服，稍加练习就会适应了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVzsmeYmb5AKk6mNF5nQ2fb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnVPyKkEeKoeq3DjaNjb1mHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔时要如古人所说：“令掌虚如握卵”，这样便于运笔。学书要经常练习握笔、钩回、推出和旋转笔杆(加上腕的作用)练习画直线和弧线。执笔的高低和是否悬腕、悬肘，由所书字的大小来决定，小字低执，枕腕；大字高执，悬腕；再大则需悬肘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOoKidkInVXKaWXHu93Zwc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnrgoCqwg2jilOJF66wiCrrG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"磨墨","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhyawZFdshTaLao86nvFFBd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、以清水逐渐加入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTWMSaRL170H2FtfKBcyE8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"研墨需加清水，若水中混有杂质，则磨出来的墨就不纯了。至于加水，最先不宜过多，以免将墨浸软，或墨汁四溅，以逐渐加入为宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGujsTS5MnXDQKcQ0fwwqkT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、以清水逐渐加入","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnbaIoq7GB0puhZkBq0dCK4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、力匀而急缓适中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnX8H4Ak8lhr11fnR7NVZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"磨墨时用力过轻过重，太急太缓，墨汁皆必粗而不匀。用力过轻，速度太缓，浪费时间且墨浮;用力过重，速度过急，则墨粗而生沬，色亦无光。正确的方法应该是「指按推用力」，轻重有节，切莫太急。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnH0VugBpmnsjCzBOukdQ2jd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":225,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、力匀而急缓适中","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcns67Dcx686BOupv1g0JgSSe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、随磨随用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWYZkUNXUgGC6vbo1oEpFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用墨必需新磨，因墨汁若放置一日以上，胶与煤逐渐脱离，墨光既乏光彩，又不能持久，故以宿墨作书，极易褪色。而市面上所售的现成墨汁，有些胶重滞笔，有些则浓度太低，落纸极易化开，防腐剂又多，易损笔锋，不宜采用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn56wiDP9W0JAmi8HYrDgwxc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、随磨随用","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn0O5vY37O7iuuZ8fiGkON4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneahoKiaHwYTgNX0Fdsumah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹，可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等，最好是用宣纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJoqJjYE6EGXClvhdEkIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用宣纸题字作画，墨韵清晰，层次分明，骨气兼蓄，气势溢秀，浓而不浑，淡而不灰，其字其画，跃然纸上，神采飞扬，飞目生辉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOiIoGtNOhMYzRKSRejX6d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":267,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnyvr67ICMoQLHj654jtdQUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宣纸分为生宣、半熟宣、熟宣。生宣吸水性和沁水性都强，易产生丰富的墨韵变化，以之行泼墨法、积墨法，能收水晕墨、达到水走墨流之艺术效果。写意山水多用它。熟宣是加工时用明矾等涂过，故纸质较生宣为硬，吸水能力弱，使得使用时墨和色不会洇散开来。因此特性，使得熟宣宜于绘工笔画而非水墨写意画。半熟宣也是从生宣加工而成，吸水能力界乎前两者之间，适合写小楷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8T4hssrlXhUucH8JDMEMvd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwPfg1NqA2LMJ7DfdsjHjjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔书法","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是线条造型艺术。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"所谓笔法主要的就是怎样创造理想线条(点画)的用笔方法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中国书法主要都以线条表现，要使书法的线条点画富有变化，必先讲究执笔，在运笔时掌握轻重、快慢、偏正、曲直等方法，称为“笔法”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnF5YjIkV1rxvxlyQsrJOt2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":281,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔法","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnHUwjdiW4M8ur9PJ0bQHgHd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提按","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpP2m8uXegXy2mqTD8vCPgn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔按下去写，笔划就粗，提起来就细。就像人走路的两只脚，一只落下，一只提起，不停地交替一样，笔在写字的过程中也在不停地提按。惟其如此，才能产生出粗细绝不相同的线条来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4xmJgImF2m6d0Pj17ihaef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":281,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提按","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnlApEbRgRRq5yo7sg6Vynob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3ySgAavRc9cKhPxsqMWa8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每写一个笔画，都有入笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。入笔有“露锋”法，顺笔而入，使笔画开端呈尖形或方形；有“藏锋法”，逆锋入笔，横画欲右先左，竖画欲下先上，使笔锋藏在笔画中，笔画开端基本呈圆形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOvELdFA32ubihl1UUPNZe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnj5wuAtrlbyLLMO64fP9Tag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔要学会“中锋用笔”，使锋尖常在点划中间运行。为使笔画有力度，还要学会涩势用笔，行中留，留中行，避免浮华。收笔有“露锋”（把笔逐渐提出纸面，画呈尖形，如悬针竖、撇、捺、钩），有“藏锋”（将笔尖收回画中，如垂露竖，笔画尾端呈圆形）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb0cs4Ke4DPoDf0Egx8bXWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbOTojroI3SeadXnip5bKLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结字又叫结体或间架结构。启功先生曾指出，写毛笔字一要把握间架结构，二要练好笔画特点。间架结构比点画特点重要。间架好的字，笔画特点不突出，也还顺眼；反过来就不行了。因此，认真研究并把握好字的结体规律十分重要。所谓“初学分布，但求平正”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneg7xNvdMcspUHydGW8mqHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结字","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn8nTG5ev7hrYjbfwkoJCPWB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpmJT9E29uRLjcctbSV8vb2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖，全凭自己想法随意写，是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力，要持之以恒，戒骄戒躁，不能一曝十寒。常说：“只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYHHo48qZzxd9E8dDUh6C6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":252,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入手","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnplCdUN1IKOqYBynEREOq5H"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔楷书入门教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxE6y8CxxdJBGSNa3lDaqye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常言道，“学书先学楷，功到自然成”。通过楷书入门扎实基础，才能在学习行书时走起来，学习草书时跑起来而不飘忽。当然这是一个很漫长的过程，任何东西的学习都是由慢到快、由简到繁的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6YHBijAtRWrIqjwIlwSqPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孙过庭在《书谱》中说，“初学分布，当求平正，既只平正，务追险绝，既能险绝，复归平正。” 学习书法，就是学习书法中动静关系。可以说，选择楷书作为书法入，是实用和艺术并重的最佳选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZxnOT4DqBLdfkKpL8hiJ4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgXcqx83yrmnLxTSyDj1Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"写毛笔字也是一门艺术，毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔，这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的，毛尖不一样，手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的，选择合适的即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPI473izeNmpriSGRmsOWxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的选择","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn9Q7yi2Zi1VXsTQ8lu8IZi0"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"支","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYISCtlEA9XSmUEuEV9uKee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尖：笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfALC3qlBKwZ9HonalPUAfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"齐：将笔头沾水捏扁，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔端","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的毛整齐无不齐现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4u8iUPlQdFF8yjiqayFzJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆：笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxuqguujexwoiOIB360S3Vf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"健：笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ZO1bjOF58087NHUt1UWxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类很多，在初次学习时，希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔，笔芯硬，易于掌握，对你以后的学习很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn95rGSeE17KLrOPaw8KdQof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPR4G6OwmGp1uTcBMH22Oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①硬毫笔：笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5smnNMDKbuWYp9wYTWIPCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnzROTpX0kgTcMH6mNzuzOf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":458,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnqryAL7ezrjuruBxiavdQvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOgqPfoxvu8WjaWsqPbDWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn1g3sVJVyT72OMmZxHsxOLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkTZQofo3EXeOV25bAtFYQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn9aooHGTXUvUZ4qyg6pr2Bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneVbzPG9W3iBqK5hl4Xd3We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②软毫笔：笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndNc7MJ8gn4AnYt9Xu3JlrT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、羊毫笔：羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWLP9wBkUdjjQhtTslG1zc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn74WVZGp5fvHFMLvGF4uB6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、鸡毫笔：鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncnrbCAXbVmERodmjCgIFzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcndJ4GXM92Xb7LvNdvxj5q5t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、胎毫笔：胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萧子云","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKn44Uo3XGTN4DWYTe2EZ9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcncw7bXSJk6VPixt7CaW9Xkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③兼毫笔：笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn78rdo5PU1egndjc5rTk7td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“兼毫”，顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫，笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔，以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃，以加强其弹性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjYZmUCiA7hMuvSMIBYkbBg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnUVtvBgBxiJnjhSELGFlyIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在选择笔锋时，我们应该选择适当的长短，因为笔锋太长不易于掌握，但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水，适合写”草书“一气呵成”，笔锋长可以保证墨的够用，反之，笔锋短适合写楷书，易于掌握。\\n选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔，又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔，直接看他的字迹是最好的方法：风格健劲的，选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的，选用柔毫;刚柔难分的，则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法，如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"还有一点是字体大小方面，写大字用大笔，写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如，大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTcr9QOU9iqTvpDMRVBmoSP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfTwPEKFHenSkAczGROw7ck"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"初学者可以选择欧体来进行练习，欧体可临摹书法名帖有《九成宫醴泉铭》、《化度寺碑》等各类贴，以及众多书法集字贴。供各位喜爱毛笔书法的朋友参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn780vfoptPdd8AEZff7tD6e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":581,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnpHWQCAyJHc9RF5by3IoTme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、柳体。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVg5oJvuWFhXpTHRHo1qPFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"柳体为唐楷中非常重要的一支，柳公权用其一生的心血，博采众长，广泛学习，吸取百家之长，形成别具一格的柳体字。结构紧凑，书法挺拔，正气凌然。对于初学者而言，选择从柳体入手，对运笔、审美、技法的提升，都非常明显。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8JXKeHmiJyjT1m61eqtT6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":254,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn7nI9Kn1mEeG718zT7RgzEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、颜体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kBcm34jawb2nQ9OxfxLpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"颜体与柳体同属于唐楷，为唐朝大书法家颜真卿书法真迹。颜体相比于柳体，显得饱满圆润，柳体则更加注重字体的骨感和力度。追求潇洒利索，可选择柳体；追求圆润丰满，则可选择颜体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7RaMba2tlJFM29xAUyLv7d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":467,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnjeDMerBlAdn1PES9qJIMdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、欧体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxta6D42eL7HCaVD8zxaW0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欧阳询也是唐朝著名楷书大家，他所写书法字体，称为欧体。唐楷在中国书法文化史上的地位，几乎无可撼动。欧体体方圆兼施，以方为主，点画劲挺，笔力凝聚，也是楷书初学者不错的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oP7NpNMwdJ9CoPfLlQmTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnWqDdkRJPLXNG4OFmc3zyph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书基本笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn33HXdEJ6ZwSvYhU2ed91e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBUWbCYy0GaK7KnX6t7rlDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、锋尖落纸（可先将笔舔尖，轻轻落笔）。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开，笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部，将笔锋稍提起，再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncngnlJxsFa2o03hbqp6rOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnONP8m2Vq8Oh0sUfpkQaVab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点的写法要求：顾盼生姿、向背分明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTZJlWqvko3MEXoBE3KPkJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqPo1vbMltDwPhAlqoZf7n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头方（斜）尾圆，中段略细。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直（或稍斜）落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋，沿着笔画中线向右运行，中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起，再向右下放下，像写点那样，兜围扭动一下，然后迅速有力地向左收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeX1IJDUjzARH4q1fk7kPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：不能使劲顿笔，中段与两头也不能一样粗细，显得僵直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnslEMzb5aqUFWQytHVswu9d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnVuuqvBj11AZEqwpbRgZ3Sh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbVtybQAAD1LEMqJgAD5ild"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖，起支柱作用，要求写得劲挺有力，像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"垂露竖：写法：1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横（或稍斜）落笔，笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下，调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部，略提锋，从左向上收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnxTVSqxNPeJnzB99H1tHKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnnlerDTqHN8QUhHIDa6eRxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悬针竖：写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点：像一枚针，写得粗壮，出锋不宜太长太细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn45irM2eVwPgck1XwoWinvf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn1WneovME0GFq0dJjdl6xSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0MjEcs75jqPVfMTsl0j6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尾部略肥和上扬，姿态舒展。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋，让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部，快而有力地出锋，使力送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKHLBeQHqoW5lFSymF3guPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnzBoySvGBNlnLhss24ggyIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇的写法：如“斤”“生”落笔后，稍作扭动，调整笔锋，快速撇出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIvchwZD2yyjF8biIL11Hwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcn9P4drfUfFgnC4NUa2tNfNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：忌“中途拔出”和“头重尾飘”，以女同志梳头的速度和力度书写撇较适宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlMnbEcL0HSxf8H40RBzKFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的笔画大多是向右向下的，右手写这些笔画都较顺手，唯独撇是向左伸展的，写起来较别扭。这是写字的重点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ7bNPotGn4xYX87Uuwaoze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn37Qwryis2MqX2PFUPcZ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一波三折的姿态。一折：从头到颈部。二折：颈到捺脚。三折：捺脚到锋尖。一波：整笔有起有伏。像波浪。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、逆锋而起。2、轻轻向下落笔。3、略向左上起笔，至颈部，锋稍提使颈部略细。4、向右下渐渐将笔毫铺开，至捺脚处。5、轻向左推，调整笔锋，沉着痛快地扬出锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6AJbZCTWP8TbC8iKHPxhT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnhr7PeQvNNe9igtuYUBovlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：1、捺画出线要直。2、捺脚要有力。3、笔不能向下拖。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"捺和撇往往同时存在，连在一起练习为好，如“大”“来”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuPAqtqfg8tSzUe9e95nu5o"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQfnQDlnbVU4Eu3rP7FCDuz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钩是其他笔画的附着物。\\n“竖左钩”做到平、锐、满。即竖要平，锋要锐，钩要饱满。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写好一竖将要钩出时，先将笔锋往上提，使笔毫收聚，放下，然后用力向左平推出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW1prVVEYvZhAtOOOyiNh3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"六、钩","id":""}],"url":"},"text":"","id":"doxcnHzXErHRQierv5MlWSPo7Gg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMNtx304ST4tSLgb27jTrTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"像反向的短撇。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、稍作扭动，调整笔锋。4、快而有力地向右上方挑出，送到笔画的尖端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMBpBts0Qt63ZtKAUKALSGg"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E